Okay. You want to be a super-successful investor. I get it.
You are already living on a fixed income. Or you are nearing retirement and worrying about whether you’ll be able to kick back and earn a passive living from your investments. I know how you feel.
But here’s the thing. The secret to lifelong financial security is this: Never give up your active income. Keep a controlling stake in your business or start a side business that will pay you dividends till the day you die. That is the only serious financial security you can ever have. There is nothing you can do passively that compares to it.
But no more on that subject in this essay — I know how middle-aged investors think. They don’t want to be told they have to keep working. They’ve been working their whole lives. They want easy solutions. Big returns. And they don’t want to make all the tough decisions themselves, like they’d have to do with a business.
In short, they want a guru. I’m not a guru, but I do know about the technicalities of investing. I have done very well with my investments these last 20 years. So today I’m going to tell you most of the important things I know. What you are about to read are “truths” I’ve discovered from my experience.
I might not be able to give you everything you really want — triple-figure returns guaranteed. But I’ll give you the next best thing: the system that kept me out of every major financial collapse in my lifetime and made me very wealthy without spending four to eight hours a day studying the markets.
One thing I bring to the table is long-term perspective. I said I’ve been investing for 20 years. That’s true. My first investment, a speculative bid on a Chicago condo, was in 1996. I lost all my capital and more. And it changed me. I became very skeptical of going after huge returns. That is why I never got suckered into all the bubbles that have taken place since then.
Another thing I bring to the table is a long-term perspective. I’ve been an insider in the investment advisory business for about as long as I’ve been investing. I've learned from a lot of the top gurus. I know how they make money when they make money. And I know how they hide their losses when they lose, which is often.
Today, I’m going to give you the straight dope on how I invest. It’s all about not being an idiot. It’s all about sticking to the basics. It’s not difficult. In fact, it’s easy.
If this doesn’t sound like too much braggadocio to you, read on.
Successful investing has three elements:
1. How much you have to invest
2. How long you keep it invested
3. The rate of return you can get
All other things being equal, the more money you have to invest, the easier it is to get rich.
It’s also much easier if you have time on your side. It’s easier, for example, for an 18-year-old with $5,000 in his bank account to acquire a multimillion-dollar fortune than it is for a 65-year-old with $1 million in net assets. When you have more time, you can take less risk and let the miracle of compound interest work in your favor.
If you are young, I recommend the book Automatic Wealth for Grads. It provides a blueprint for wealth that anybody, and I mean anybody, can follow. But you aren’t 18, are you? You don’t have that much time. And that is where the third element of successful investing — rate of return — comes into play.
You’ve done the arithmetic and you realize that the only possible way for you to acquire any sort of respectable retirement fund is to get triple-digit returns on your investments.
But let me tell you something about triple-digit returns. They happen. They happen all the time. But they don’t happen to me all the time. And they probably won’t happen to you. Triple-digit returns are like eagles in golf. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of eagles every day around the world. But even the best golfers don’t experience them very often.
Making money in the markets is much like golf: every time you tee off you should be looking to shoot below par (i.e., above market), but to be a great player you can’t try for a hole-in-one on every par three or try to get one in two on every par five. You need to play the game strategically because you know that odds are the eagles will not come that often.
My investment strategy has always been based on the fact that I know I am not destined to get triple-digit returns with any frequency. Still, I’ve done very well.
So how much do you have to invest? $10 million? $1 million? $100,000? $10,000?
If you have $10 million, you don’t need to worry about triple-digit returns. You can achieve financial independence by making 5 percent on your money. The secret to successful investing when you have that kind of dough is to restrain your greed and curtail your expenses. You can live like a billionaire for about $100,000 a year. $10 million at 5 percent gives you an income of $500,000 a year — way more than you need.
If you have a million to invest, you need more than 5 percent. If you buy my $100,000 figure (and in a future essay, I’ll show you how that can be done), you will need to get a 10 percent rate of return. That’s not so difficult. I know many investment advisory services that consistently deliver 10+ percent returns to their readers.
If you have less than a million to invest, you have a challenge. You need to get high returns on your money. By high, I mean 15 percent, 25 percent, and the occasional triple-bagger.
But high returns usually mean high risk. And high-risk investing — for most individual investors — means the possibility of losing most or all of your money.
All the investment research I’ve ever read has proven that if you invest exclusively in high-return/high-risk investments, you will eventually go broke.
Can you deal with that? If not, you need to have a secondary supplemental income from an active interest in a business. But I told you I wouldn’t talk about that today. Today, my job is to show you how to make above-average market returns on the measly money you have saved for your retirement.
But to do that, I have to define the word “save.”
The Difference Between Saving and Investing
Most people think of saving and investing as synonymous. That is a big mistake.
Investing is what you do to grow your wealth. Saving is what you do to preserve it.
I have always divided my assets into the following four categories:
- Private property (homes, art, other valuables)
- Active investments (businesses I own or control)
- Passive investments (stocks, bonds, etc.)
- Savings (stored, safe wealth)
Private property can have significant financial value, but since you are using it (and want to continue to use it while you are living), it cannot be considered an investment.
Active investments, as I’ve pointed out, are great investments so long as you stay active with them.
Passive investments are the things you normally think about when you talk about investing. But passive investment is risky. You don’t want to take a risk with your savings. That’s why I don’t consider passive investing to be a form of saving.
Savings is the money you put aside every year after you’ve bought the private property you want and have made the investments you want. Saving is what you want to keep.
In the past, I have put my savings into four vehicles: cash, bonds, rental real estate, and commodities.
But these days, I think that bonds are very risky. I still invest in them, but I don’t consider them to be savings. Cash gives me near zero return, so keeping money in cash is no longer an option since inflation will cause it to diminish — just the thing I don’t want to happen to my savings. I got out of rental real estate about five years ago when it was obvious I couldn’t get a safe return on my money. I’m back into it now, but cautiously.
But rental real estate is not a passive investment. It is active. The only way you can assure a good return is to own and manage your properties carefully. In that regard, it’s like running a business. It’s not as difficult as most businesses, but it’s still very hands-on.
As I said, if you have less than a million dollars to invest, you have to be willing to take some risk to make the kind of returns you need to enjoy a decent retirement.
So, where should you put your money?
Getting Your 15 Percent to 25 Percent and Occasional Triple-Bagger
It’s not easy to get 15 percent to 25 percent on passive investments. Studies show that it’s nearly impossible. But I know guys who have done it. And I’ve been watching them do it for decades. They have secrets — little tricks of the trade — that I can share with you.
First, and most important, they don’t keep all their eggs in one basket. They diversify.
I have always favored that approach. And because I didn’t want to be bothered looking at individual stocks, the money I had in the stock market was invested in index funds. But today, I don’t think that makes sense. The stock market has been overvalued and now is in correction mode. If I had all my stock money in index funds, I’d take that big hit with them.
I still believe in diversifying. But now I think it makes more sense to do it by finding sectors and individual stocks that seem likely to outperform the market. That means I’m going to have to get “active” with my passive investments.
Having a bird’s eye view of the investment advisory business, it is clear to me that some advisors have been doing very well. And some of them did well even in 2008 and the beginning of 2009, when everyone was getting killed. I have studied and researched many of these people. So I will be picking and choosing from their recommendations.
But I don’t intend to simply pick a few gurus with great performance records and blindly do what they tell me. I will educate myself on their investment ideas and strategies and use that knowledge to make decisions that match my temperament and my financial objectives.
You have to be in charge of your own portfolio. And part of being on charge of your portfolio is not to let your emotions get in your way.
Greed and fear are two of the emotions I’m talking about. Greed will make you buy bad stocks, simply because you are convinced their prices will go up. Fear will prevent you from buying good stocks because you are scared of the market or a market sector or something else.
Insecurity is another one. Insecurity makes it difficult for an investor to admit that he was wrong about a stock he put his money into. Not admitting you were wrong means not selling a bad stock when it’s going down. Many investors never sell their stocks, even when they are left with pennies on the dollar. A healthy attitude is one that says, “Although I invested in a particular stock in good faith, I’ll never know enough about the stock or the market to be 100 percent right all of the time. When the market causes the price of one of my stocks to come down, that is just its way of telling me that I didn’t have all the facts.”
How to Make Smart Investment Decisions
I’ve always followed a simple rule: Before putting money in a passive investment, I apply the same criteria that I apply to buying a business:
- I never buy a business I don’t understand.
- I never buy a business whose management seems the least bit shifty to me. If I have doubts, I stay away.
- I never buy a business that isn’t making money unless I can clearly see how it could make money if I added something to it that I have.
What’s Interesting Right Now
Since realizing that I have to get “active” with my passive investments, I’ve been keeping an eye on the predictions pundits are making for various market sectors. Much of it seems just plain dumb to me. But some of it I find very convincing. For example:
- Natural gas demand is set to increase significantly, and select companies will profit handsomely.
- The world’s population continues to increase, along with the demand for agricultural products. The standard of living in developing nations is rising and that will push food prices even higher. There will be plenty of opportunities to profit by investing in raw food commodities and the fertilizer producers.
- I stopped investing in gold when it hit $1,000 an ounce. (I got in around $350.) But there is a great deal of solid evidence that suggests that gold could surpass its average annual gain of 16 percent over the last decade.
- Commodity prices will head higher because of increasing demand and the prospect of higher inflation.
- I have always liked investing in businesses that appeal to Baby Boomers. Baby boomers have been driving the U.S. markets since the early 1950s. I don’t see any reason for this to change until they (we) are dead.
- Healthcare. (See my thoughts on Baby Boomers.
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